Pilocarpine (ophthalmic)
Synonyms
Approved Treatment Indication:
Mydriasis, Angle-Closure Glaucoma, Xerostomia, Head and Neck Neoplasms
Summary
What conditions pilocarpine is used for
Pilocarpine is used to treat dry mouth and dry eyes, which are symptoms of conditions like Sjögren's syndrome, a disorder that affects moisture-producing glands. It also helps people who have reduced saliva production due to radiation therapy for head and neck cancer.
How pilocarpine works in the body
Pilocarpine works by stimulating glands to increase saliva and tear production. It belongs to cholinergic agonists, which are drugs that mimic acetylcholine, a natural body chemical. This action helps relieve dryness and discomfort.
Directions for Use
Pilocarpine is usually taken orally, three to four times a day. The typical starting dose for adults is 5 mg per dose, with a maximum of 30 mg per day. Always follow your doctor's specific dosing instructions.
The most commonly observed adverse effects of pilocarpine
Common side effects of pilocarpine include sweating, nausea, and increased urination. These effects are usually mild and may decrease as your body adjusts to the medication.
Warnings and Precautions
Pilocarpine can cause excessive sweating, leading to dehydration. It may affect vision, especially in low light, and should be used cautiously in people with asthma or heart disease. Avoid if allergic to pilocarpine or its ingredients.
Drug Status
Government Approvals
WHO Essential Medicine
Known Teratogen
Pharmaceutical Class
