Cyclosporine (ophthalmic)
Synonyms
Approved Treatment Indication:
Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Psoriasis, Myasthenia Gravis
Summary
What conditions cyclosporine is used for
Cyclosporine is used to prevent organ rejection in transplant patients, which is when the body attacks a new organ. It also treats autoimmune conditions like rheumatoid arthritis, which is joint inflammation, and psoriasis, which is a skin condition causing red, scaly patches.
How cyclosporine works in the body
Cyclosporine works by suppressing the immune system, which is the body's defense against illness. It reduces the activity of T-cells, which are white blood cells involved in immune responses, to prevent organ rejection and reduce inflammation in autoimmune diseases.
Directions for Use
Cyclosporine is usually taken orally, which means by mouth, in capsule form. It's typically taken twice daily, in the morning and evening. The dose varies based on the condition, with transplant patients often receiving 5 to 10 mg per kilogram of body weight per day.
The most commonly observed adverse effects of cyclosporine
Common side effects of cyclosporine include high blood pressure, which is increased pressure in blood vessels, and kidney problems, which affect organs that filter waste from the blood. These occur in a significant number of users and require monitoring.
Warnings and Precautions
Cyclosporine can increase the risk of infections and certain cancers due to immune suppression, which is reduced immune activity. It's contraindicated in uncontrolled high blood pressure and certain kidney problems. Regular blood tests are needed to monitor kidney function and cyclosporine levels.
Drug Status
Government Approvals
WHO Essential Medicine
Known Teratogen
Pharmaceutical Class
